Rio Summit or the Earth Summit

Introduction:

The Rio summit has been a basic meeting, more important than most people think. Río de Janeiro laid the foundations for the struggle against climate change; and tackled the threats facing life on Earth, with a view to the 21st century. The United Nations Climate Change Framework (UNFCCC) was established in Rio and the COP, the congress of nations, was adopted as its supreme body. For those who want to get involved in environmental issues, global warming, climate change, etc., it is important to get the details at the Rio 1992 conference.

The Second World Conference was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between June 3 and 14, 1992. The First World Conference took place in Stockholm, Sweden, in 1972. The meeting in Rio was organized by the UN, with Maurice Strong as its Secretary-General. 172 countries were visited, including the Heads of State and 108 Government, as well as 400 representatives of non-governmental organizations. On the other hand, about 17,000 people attended the NGO conference, which was held similarly to the Summit.

Among the aims of the Rio Declaration we can look at the creation of a new way of cooperation between countries, sectors and people; on issues related to environmental protection and sustainable economic development; and in harmony with nature and cooperation between countries to protect, maintain and restore global conditions.

Rio was the mother of climate conferences, conferences and announcements; forestry regulations; to fight against ruin; biodiversity conferences; Agenda 21, or global action to promote sustainable development.

However, it should also be noted that: most of the agreements were non-binding; that is, there was no legal framework for states or groups to do so. This is because, in part, that after almost thirty years, most of the goals have not been reached.

Rio Declaration on Environment and Development

It contains 27 principles. This is to reaffirm the 26 principles of the Stockholm Declaration; in comparison with the Declaration of Human Rights, which is designed to normalize human relations and the environment. It was developed at the first World Conference; which is also known as the “United Nations Conference on Human Environment”. It originates in 1972 in Sweden, with the cooperation of the UN.

United Nations Conference on Climate Change Framework

One of the biggest achievements of the Rio Conference is the establishment of the United Nations Climate Change Framework (UNFCCC). It took effect in March 1994, with its basis on strengthening global public awareness of climate-related problems. The objectives of the UNFCCC emphasize the need to stabilize the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the atmosphere to protect against climate change.

Creation of COPs, annual climate conferences

The creation of the COP, the Congress of the Parties, was agreed upon as the supreme UNFCCC and the relations of all the countries and parties that make it. No longer will you have to wait for the next 10 or 20 years for the next climate summit, since it was decided that the COP termination be a year, which has been done every year since. Environmentalists, ministers, heads of organizations, and non-governmental organizations are involved in the COP.

The last COP was the COP25 that was organized by Chile in 2019 and held in Madrid. Next up will be COP26, to be held in Glasgow at the end of 2020. The Paris Agreement is expected to take effect in the Scottish city.

Publication of Forestry Regulations

The Declaration on the Causes of Sustainable Forest Management, although illegal, binds: “All countries, especially developed countries, must strive to equip the World with deforestation and conservation; that countries have the right to develop their forests according to their socio-economic needs, and that financial resources should be provided to developing countries aimed at establishing forest conservation programs to promote an economic and social policy of replacement. ”

Meeting against Deforestation

The problem of globalization was discussed at the Rio Summit, which has been taking shocking features for some time. In Rio, he made progress on how to deal with a problem and supported a new approach embedded in it. It came into force on December 26, 1996. ”UN wide-ranging document,” United Nations Convention on Combating International Extremism Affected by Extreme Drought or Mountain Destruction, especially in Africa “, consists of 6 parts, 40 articles and a large number of parts and numbers.

Biological Diversity Meeting

The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) is a formal agreement that fully complies with the three main objectives: “the conservation of biodiversity, its use and its fair and equitable distribution of the benefits derived from the use of genetic services. ”

Program 21. A global program to promote sustainable development.

Program 21, also known as Agenda 21, contains more than 2,500 practical recommendations. It addresses urgent issues. “Its purpose is to prepare the world for the challenges of the next century. It includes strong proposals on social and economic issues, such as poverty alleviation, the emergence of consumption and consumption models, dynamic energy, conservation and management of our natural resources, protection of the environment, oceans, and diversity. environment, protecting deforestation and promoting sustainable agriculture. ”

The criticism of the Rio Summit

In a long article entitled “Artificial intelligence at the World Summit. An experiment on the Rio 92”, written after a conference written by Roberto Guimaraes, a Brazilian political scientist, researcher at the Social Development Division of the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), says:

“Generally, all the ratings adopted in Rio-92 produced more frustration than the satisfaction of observers. Sea level, thus avoiding the adverse impact of Agriculture and coastal areas The high expectations about this meeting are compared with the increased frustration level when the final text was adopted. It includes, of course, the serious failures of Rio. original, and very similar to a simple statement of intent. Instead of taking immediate action in that area, the current text “recommends” the carbon emission stability (C O2) at current levels in 1990. However, it does not set the deadline for such a firm to take effect. ”

Other evidence that commitments made to climate summits is unfulfilled

Continued increase in Global Temperature

PPM, the parts per million carbon dioxide, that exists in the atmosphere for hundreds of millions of years, has produced a natural consequence of global warming, a feature that has allowed life on our planet, due to its long-lasting conservation quality. But anthropogenic CO2 in the atmosphere increases the amount of PPM in the atmosphere in an unnatural way, increasing global warming and its effect on climate change. In the 21st century alone, global warming has set a record 17 times for this reason.

The continuous increase of PPM in the atmosphere

The atmospheric PPMs have not stopped growing for nearly three centuries and especially since the end of World War II.

By 1750, at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, they numbered 280 PPM. At the time of the Stockholm Conference, in 1972, they were at 330 PPM. Twenty years later, by the time of the Rio-92 Summit it had reached 360 PPM. The 400 PPM psychology range was taken down in 2016 and has since climbed to 415 PPM, a figure from May 19, 2019, presented by the Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii. An increase like this has not happened in the world for millions of years. As long as PPMs continues to grow, so will temperatures.

Conclusion

We must conclude that many of the goals of the Rio Summit have not been achieved. As of this writing, ten months have passed since the start of the Paris Agreement. Just as the UN, NGOs, and other organizations are fighting for their good intentions of climate change and its consequences, they have now found it difficult to turn their intentions into reality. This is due, in particular, to the changing nature of a portion of capital, the endless brakes, and retaining walls before any action affecting their assets.

The statistics cited in the above two paragraphs indicate that the CO2 supercomputers did not perform the task assigned to the climate summits for more than a quarter of a century. Nor do those countries support their economies on coal, oil and natural gas, and do not want to stop producing these fuels. There is no doubt that they are primarily responsible for the Earth’s climate. However, we have time to postpone it. The production of electric vehicles, wind power, and solar power is increasing. As the production of this increase goes further, the cost of electromobility, wind turbines, and photovoltaic panels will be reduced. This will result in paper stock being partially filled, at the same time the coal and hydrocarbon markets will be smaller.